No special rhythm mechanics or heartbeat syncing actually exists just the standard elemental damage system you'd expect. Matching elements to monster weaknesses does boost damage output, works especially well with faster weapons like dual blades and insect glaive since they stack hits quickly.

The convert element skill can trigger some nice dragon explosions after building up elemental damage, and elemental absorption gives you boosts after blocking, but nothing ties into monster rhythms or patterns. Its all about the regular damage calculations, hitzone values and resistances really.

Maybe interesting that faster weapons benefit more from elements than slower ones since the damage adds up per hit. If youre trying to optimize damage just check the hunter's notes for weakness info and ignore any rumors about secret mechanics, since the proven systems work just fine without fancy timing tricks.